Comparison of hamburger and bottom bar menu on mobile devices for three level navigation (PDF) (Thesis).
"Hamburger icon: How these three lines mystify most people". "Office 365 Store saves time with single sign-on to web apps". "What's a 'hamburger' button? A guide to app features".
"Here's How the New Windows 10 Anniversary Start Menu Looks Like". "Microsoft First Used The Controversial Hamburger Menu In 1985". ^ "A Brief History of the Hamburger Icon"."We need a standard show navigation icon for responsive web design". ^ a b Campbell-Dollaghan, Kelsey (March 31, 2014).Ellipsis § Usage in computer system menus - used to indicate "More", or partially hidden options whereas the collapsed menu icon signify completely hidden options.
It has also been argued that designers tend to overload these icons with too much hidden information. The menu button may increase interaction cost compared to a bottom bar menu, requiring extra clicks to retrieve the same information, albeit with the benefit of less space usage of the screen, in the context of mobile apps. It has been argued that while the collapsed menu button is now commonplace, its functionality is not necessarily immediately obvious when first encountered in particular, older users less familiar with modern iconography may find it confusing. Tapping, clicking or otherwise activating this button results in a menu being revealed, which distinguishes it from a menu or tab bar that is always on display. In the Microsoft Office 365 platform, a similar application menu consisting of three rows of three squares is displayed. The wider button may be reduced to three vertically stacked dots (displayed as a tri-colon or vertical ellipsis ⋮ ), also known as a kebab icon, meatball icon or falafel icon. The name refers to its resemblance to the menu that is typically exposed or opened when interacting with it. The "menu" button takes the form of an icon that consists of three parallel horizontal lines (displayed as ≡), suggestive of a list. Appearance and functionality Ī hamburger menu in a previous version of the Wikipedia mobile app
Windows 95 replaced the single line with the program's icon, and the hamburger would not return to Windows until a placement on the Start menu of the one-year update of Windows 10. It was short-lived, however, as the hamburger icon disappeared in Windows 2.0 in favor of a single horizontal line denoting the control menu.
In possibly its first use after the Xerox Star, the release of Windows 1.0 in 1985 contained a hamburger icon in each window's control menu. can't remember exactly).” In mainstream computing I think we only had 16×16 pixels to render the image. With so few pixels to work with, it had to be very distinct, yet simple. Cox described the icon's creation, saying “Its graphic design was meant to be very “road sign” simple, functionally memorable, and mimic the look of the resulting displayed menu list. The icon was originally designed by Norm Cox as part of the user interface for the Xerox Star, introduced in 1981 it saw a resurgence starting in 2009 stemming from the limited screen area available to mobile apps.